Where Are the Tadrart Acadus Rock Art Located Where Are the Tadrart Acacus Rock Art Located
| UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Official name | Rock-Art Sites of Tadrart Acacus |
| Location | Ghat District, Libya |
| Criteria | Cultural: (iii) |
| Reference | 287 |
| Inscription | 1985 (9th Session) |
| Endangered | 2016–... |
| Coordinates | 24°l′N x°20′East / 24.833°N 10.333°E / 24.833; ten.333 |
| Location of Acacus Mountains in Libya | |
The Acacus Mountains or Tadrart Akakus (Arabic: تدرارت أكاكوس / ALA-LC: Tadrārt Akākūs) grade a mountain range in the desert of the Ghat District in western Libya, part of the Sahara. They are situated due east of the city of Ghat, Libya, and stretch north from the edge with Algeria, about 100 kilometres (62 mi). The area has a particularly rich array of prehistoric rock art.
History [edit]
Etymology [edit]
Tadrart is the feminine grade of "mountain" in the Berber languages (masculine: adrar).
Rock art [edit]
The area is known for its stone art and was inscribed equally a UNESCO Earth Heritage Site in 1985 because of the importance of these paintings and carvings. The paintings date from 12,000 BCE to 100 CE and reflect cultural and natural changes in the area.[1]
In that location are paintings and carvings of animals such equally giraffes, elephants, ostriches and camels, simply also of men and horses. People are depicted in various daily life situations, for example while making music and dancing.[2] [3]
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Giraffe
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Elephant
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Pictograms
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Pictograms
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Pictograms
Milk lipids [edit]
Tadrart Acacus is also the site of the earliest appearance of candy milk lipids on ceramics, which have been radiocarbon-dated to 7,500 BP.[iv]
Vandalism and destruction since 1969 [edit]
During Muammar Gaddafi's rule from 1969 through 2011, the Department of Antiquities was badly neglected. Since 2005, the search for petroleum hidden underground has placed the rock fine art itself in danger. Seismic hammers are used to transport shock waves underneath to locate oil deposits, and have noticeable effects on nearby rocks, including the ones that house the Tadrart Acacus stone art.[5]
Looting of ancient artifacts reached a level of crisis.[half dozen] In response UNESCO called for a major awareness campaign, to enhance awareness of Libya'due south archaeological and cultural heritage and to alarm Libyans that their heritage is "being looted by thieves and destroyed by developers."[7]
In 2012 post-obit the murder of Gaddafi, efforts were made to train staff through a $2.26 one thousand thousand UNESCO project, with the Libyan and Italian governments. The project included conservation, protection and education. Along with Tadrart Acacus, Great socialist people's libyan arab jamahiriya has iv other UNESCO Earth Heritage sites: Cyrene, Leptis Magna, Sabratha and Ghadames.[8] UNESCO advised that "a centre should be established at Ghat or Uweynat to train the staff in charge of the protection and direction of the property and to host a museum which is expected to play an of import [function] in terms of sensation raising."[ix]
UNESCO State of Conservation (SOC) reports from 2011, 2012 and 2013 testify that at least ten of the stone-art sites have been the object of deliberate and considerable destruction since at least Apr 2009.[10] The ambiguity surrounding property boundaries of the World Heritage Site and therefore the property management combined with lack of local agreement of its cultural values were contributing factors in the ongoing vandalism. Conflicts in the expanse since 2011 led to increased vandalism.[9]
In May 2013 UNESCO undertook a technical mission to appraise the state of conservation the Tadrart Acacus site and to "build-up a strategic program to enforce the protection and direction of this unique cultural and natural context."[xi]
On 14 April 2014 ii kinds of vandals were reported, those who thoughtlessly cleave their ain names and letters in amazight beside the ancient rock fine art and those who deliberately apply chemical products to remove the rock drawings.[12] On April 20, 2014, the French special correspondent Jacques-Marie Bourget was informed by a local announcer from Ghat, Great socialist people's libyan arab jamahiriya, Aziz Al-Hachi, that the UNESCO Rock-Art World Heritage Site of Tadrart Acacus was existence destroyed with sledgehammers and scrub brushes.[xiii] [fourteen]
Geography [edit]
The Tadrart Acacus take a big variation of landscapes, from different-coloured dunes to arches, gorges, isolated rocks and deep wadis (ravines). Major landmarks include the arches of Afzejare and Tin Khlega. Although this area is one of the most arid in the Sahara, there is vegetation, such as the medicinal Calotropis procera, and there are a number of springs and wells in the mountains.
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Rock curvation in Tadrart Acacus
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Desert of Akakus
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Head rock
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Stone formations
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Rock formations
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Temporary human-built habitat
See also [edit]
- Listing of Stone Historic period art
- Uan Muhuggiag
Notes [edit]
- ^ UNESCO World Heritage Middle. "UNESCO Fact Sheet". Whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 2013-12-09 .
- ^ Jebel Acacus Map and Guide (Map) (1st ed.). one:100,000, inset 1:400,000. Tourist and cave art data. Cartography by EWP. EWP. 2006. ISBN0-906227-93-3. Archived from the original on 2015-04-27. Retrieved 2008-04-20 .
- ^ "Acacus Rock Art Photo Gallery". Ewpnet.com. Archived from the original on 2013-06-01. Retrieved 2013-12-09 .
- ^ Gifford-Gonzalez, Diane (2013). "Animal Genetics and African Archaeology: Why It Matters". African Archaeological Review. xxx: 1–20. doi:10.1007/s10437-013-9130-seven.
- ^ Bohannon, John (10 February 2005). "In the Valley of Life, Oil is Decease to the Art of a Lost Civilization". The Guardian.
- ^ Little, Tom (23 December 2013), Libyan archaeologists expect to the futurity with new preparation, Libyan Herald, retrieved 5 May 2014
- ^ UNESCO grooming to combat the looting of Libyan antiquities, Libyan Herald, 25 September 2013, retrieved 5 May 2014
- ^ UNESCO supports Libyan Heritage with $2m Project, Libya Business News, seven December 2012, retrieved v May 2014
- ^ a b State of Conservation (SOC): Stone-Art Sites of Tadrart Acacus, 2013, retrieved four May 2014
- ^ State of Conservation (SOC): Rock-Art Sites of Tadrart Acacus, 2011, retrieved four May 2014
- ^ UNESCO organizes preparation course for conservation and restores of Libyan Artefacts, United Nations, 2013, retrieved v May 2014
- ^ Grira, Sarra (xiv April 2014), Graffiti defaces prehistoric stone art in Great socialist people's libyan arab jamahiriya, Observers: French republic 24, retrieved 5 May 2014
- ^ Libye : Les salafistes wahhabites libyens détruisent un site de 12.000 ans d'âge, Algeria, 29 April 2014
- ^ Bourget, Jacques-Marie (2014-04-xx), Libye, 12 000 ans effacés au white spirit, Mondafrique, retrieved 2014-05-04
Further reading [edit]
- Di Lernia, Savino e Zampetti, Daniela (eds.) (2008) La Memoria dell'Arte. Le pitture rupestri dell'Acacus tra passato e futuro, Florence, All'Insegna del Giglio;
- Minozzi S., Manzi G., Ricci F., di Lernia Southward., and Borgognini Tarli S.M. (2003) "Nonalimentary tooth use in prehistory: an Example from Early Holocene in Central Sahara (Uan Muhuggiag, Tadrart Acacus, Libya)" American Journal of Concrete Anthropology 120: pp. 225–232; doi:10.1002/ajpa.10161
- Mattingly, D. (2000) "Twelve thousand years of human adaptation in Fezzan (Libyan Sahara)" in G. Barker, Graeme and Gilbertson, D.D. (eds) The Archaeology of Drylands: Living at the Margin London, Routledge, pp. 160–79;
- Cremaschi, Mauro and Di Lernia, Savino (1999) "Holocene Climatic Changes and Cultural Dynamics in the Libyan Sahara" African Archaeological Review 16(4): pp. 211–238; doi:x.1023/A:1021609623737
- Cremaschi, Mauro; Di Lernia, Savino; and Garcea, Elena A. A. (1998) "Some Insights on the Aterian in the Libyan Sahara: Chronology, Environment, and Archæology" African Archaeological Review 15(4): pp. 261–286; doi:10.1023/A:1021620531489
- Cremaschi, Mauro and Di Lernia, Savino (eds., 1998) Wadi Teshuinat: Palaeoenvironment and Prehistory in Due south-western Fezzan (Libyan Sahara) Florence, All'Insegna del Giglio;
- Wasylikowa, K. (1992) "Holocene flora of the Tadrart Acacus expanse, SW Libya, based on plant macrofossils from Uan Muhuggiag and Ti-n-Torha Ii Caves archaeological sites" Origini sixteen: pp. 125–159;
- Mori, F., (1960) Arte Preistorica del Sahara Libico Rome, De Luca;
- Mori, F., (1965) Tadrart Acacus, Turin, Einaudi;
- Mercuri AM (2008) Plant exploitation and ethnopalynological evidence from the Wadi Teshuinat area (Tadrart Acacus, Libyan Sahara). Periodical of Archaeological Science 35: 1619-1642; doi:10.1016/j.jas.2007.11.003
- Mercuri AM (2008) Human influence, plant landscape evolution and climate inferences from the archaeobotanical records of the Wadi Teshuinat expanse (Libyan Sahara). Journal of Arid Environments 72: 1950-1967. doi:ten.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.04.008
External links [edit]
- UNESCO Fact Canvass
- Italian-Libyan Archaeological Mission in the Acacus and Messak
- Natural Arches of the Akakus Plateau
Coordinates: 24°50′N ten°20′East / 24.833°North x.333°East / 24.833; ten.333
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacus_Mountains
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